My First Journey to the USA
One day I thought about going to the United States. It was not as easy as I thought it would be. The issuance of the visa wasn’t easy as well; I had to put all my documents together, before I could go to the embassy to apply for the issuance of visa. Since I knew that it’s not easy to get the visa, I planned well and got all the necessary things to be able to convince the authorities in the embassy. Lucky for me, I went out to the embassy and filed my application, and I was given a date for my interview. It took two weeks for my application to be processed. I was very anxious to be able to pass the interview process. Finally the date for the interview came; I went to the interview without any expectation of not getting the visa. I entered the office of the consulate and had the interview. Low and behold, in about twenty minutes the interview was over and I had my visa on my passport. I was full of happiness that what I had dreamt about was coming to pass.
After my visa I went to book my airline ticket from Jordan to the United States. It was a smooth journey from my country to the USA (Chicago airport) in order to complete my journey to Florida, but my flight schedule was from Jordan to Chicago at 5pm and the transit to Florida was at 7pm.
Finally I arrived at the Chicago airport. Upon my arrival at Chicago airport I had to be in a queue waiting for my turn to be approved by the immigration officer. When it was my turn he looked so many times at my passport. I was very nervous because I did not understand why he was looking at my passport for so long. Suddenly he told me to follow him, which I did obediently. I followed him to a different room where we met a superintendent officer. They spoke in a way that I never understood. I was asked to sit down by the officer; there was some interrogation by the officer. During this interrogation I was asked by one of the officers again where I was from. I was again move to another room, my heart was pounding because I have never ever experience such mishandling, I had to abide by what he told me, I had several questions bombard on me, which I gave the needed answers, one of the questions was that ( do you have any nephews in the United States ), at that moment I sat down for a while thinking about the question, immediately I said to him yes I had, he asked me who are they?, and my answer was that my uncle is the ambassador of my country to the USA (Washington) , and my father too was among the members of the police force in the early seventeen’s to participates a training with the USA, CIA department. After given out all these answers he done approved my arrival at Chicago airport. I was very much relief and kind of looking to myself. I went out of the room only to notice that my time for the transit is passed and I missed my flight. The option that I had was to book a new ticket to the next day, so that I can continue my journey to Florida.
I went to collect my luggage, I then called the airline company and asked them what to do, they told me to book a hotel, I went downstairs searching for a phone in order to make a call and reserve a room In a hotel to sleep around that night, I asked people on how I can find a telephone because it has its own way, finally I called the hotel and they told me we will send the bus for you, I was waiting for the bus, the bus arrived and he pick me up to the hotel, on our way to the hotel I asked the driver to pass by for a supermarket where I can have a cigarette, he took me to a supermarket and I had what I wanted. At this time I was disappointed with the kind of the situation that I am passing through until I reached the supermarket and found that is the owner of the supermarket was a Jordanian, so I was very please meeting him, I told him my entire story and the problems I faced, I felt that I am in my country just for five minutes. I left to the hotel and I took a shower, I had a sound sleep because I was tired. The day after I have get ready to my flight
Thursday, March 12, 2009
Exercise one page # 26 ENG 82 A
Exercise 0ne page#26
v What thinking, writing, and reading skills are required in your field of study, reflect on those possibilities?
On thinking we have to focus on the ways language is used to promote specific viewpoints and arguments in a range of texts from different disciplines. In order to get an opportunities to analyze texts critically, and present them orally and in writing.
Writing skills will help us gain an understanding of the genre and common language features of writing
The reading skills required in my filed is to depicts the patterns of the concept and establishing a pattern of daily reading
v What thinking, writing, and reading skills are required in your field of study, reflect on those possibilities?
On thinking we have to focus on the ways language is used to promote specific viewpoints and arguments in a range of texts from different disciplines. In order to get an opportunities to analyze texts critically, and present them orally and in writing.
Writing skills will help us gain an understanding of the genre and common language features of writing
The reading skills required in my filed is to depicts the patterns of the concept and establishing a pattern of daily reading
Exercise five page # 230 ENG 82A
Get the Most Out of a Difficult Situation
Everyone has a friend or two that is difficult. When it's a close relation or someone you see every day - it's worth changing it. Once you're in a difficult situation it's hard not to believe you are stuck. When you think, "But it's true - I have to deal with the fact that it's happening to me" -- then you are making it tough on yourself. Your problem is ONLY stuck BECAUSE you believe it is and that it has to be this way. Once you change how you see it - it will change. Anything you want can be true. How? The "truth" changes as your attitude changes. Prove it to yourself. Learn the simple trick of changing your mind - and you can change anything in your life for the better. Train your mind by FOCUSING on only the outcome you want -- and ignoring what you don't want. Your solution will soon become "true." Might as well get the most out of this situation. Experience this a few times, and you'll have the skill. A Quick Good Fortune Insight: Problems are always about relating to others. The bigger the problem the more profitable the solution. The stress involved is costing everyone - more than the loss of time and money. Good relations are the foundation of success -- you can't be happy -- or successful -- without them.
Everyone has a friend or two that is difficult. When it's a close relation or someone you see every day - it's worth changing it. Once you're in a difficult situation it's hard not to believe you are stuck. When you think, "But it's true - I have to deal with the fact that it's happening to me" -- then you are making it tough on yourself. Your problem is ONLY stuck BECAUSE you believe it is and that it has to be this way. Once you change how you see it - it will change. Anything you want can be true. How? The "truth" changes as your attitude changes. Prove it to yourself. Learn the simple trick of changing your mind - and you can change anything in your life for the better. Train your mind by FOCUSING on only the outcome you want -- and ignoring what you don't want. Your solution will soon become "true." Might as well get the most out of this situation. Experience this a few times, and you'll have the skill. A Quick Good Fortune Insight: Problems are always about relating to others. The bigger the problem the more profitable the solution. The stress involved is costing everyone - more than the loss of time and money. Good relations are the foundation of success -- you can't be happy -- or successful -- without them.
Exercise #4 pages#216 ENG 82A
Exercise #4 pages#216
· Develop a list of social, economic, or political topics in the news, choose one, research it, classify its components, and then write an essay that explains the topic.
Young People as a Social Problem
In the wake of the alarming rate of juvenile delinquency and the accumulating cases of teenage suicide since the mid 90's, it's not surprising to see that the majority started to accuse young people as a source of social problem. Nowadays, some may even consider young people as a group of easily-agitated gangster’s equipped with the potential ability and the desire to disrupt the present social order. However, is it justified to point the finger of blame on our teenagers for the social problems? Is it really a fact that the pillars of our future society could no longer be relied on? As a youth myself, instead of considering young people as a social problem, I would regard young people as a mirror reflecting our social problems. We all share the responsibility of the social problems created by the young people. Juveniles are not "born criminals" who deliberately disrupt the social order for their own pleasure. There should be reason behind their action of juvenile delinquency, drug abuse and teenage suicide. With reference to the latest stastics provided to the authorities, an overwhelming majority of juvenile delinquents claimed that peer pressure and loneliness are the main reasons for their offence. Most teenagers who engaged with drug abuse or teenage suicide were troubled youth who have been suffering from unresolved emotional disturbances.
· Develop a list of social, economic, or political topics in the news, choose one, research it, classify its components, and then write an essay that explains the topic.
Young People as a Social Problem
In the wake of the alarming rate of juvenile delinquency and the accumulating cases of teenage suicide since the mid 90's, it's not surprising to see that the majority started to accuse young people as a source of social problem. Nowadays, some may even consider young people as a group of easily-agitated gangster’s equipped with the potential ability and the desire to disrupt the present social order. However, is it justified to point the finger of blame on our teenagers for the social problems? Is it really a fact that the pillars of our future society could no longer be relied on? As a youth myself, instead of considering young people as a social problem, I would regard young people as a mirror reflecting our social problems. We all share the responsibility of the social problems created by the young people. Juveniles are not "born criminals" who deliberately disrupt the social order for their own pleasure. There should be reason behind their action of juvenile delinquency, drug abuse and teenage suicide. With reference to the latest stastics provided to the authorities, an overwhelming majority of juvenile delinquents claimed that peer pressure and loneliness are the main reasons for their offence. Most teenagers who engaged with drug abuse or teenage suicide were troubled youth who have been suffering from unresolved emotional disturbances.
Exercise two pages # 38 ENG 82A
Exercise two pages # 38
Here are the goal, characteristics, and the uses of the description.
Goal:
Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.
Characteristics:
The general characteristics of descriptive writing include:
· elaborate use of sensory language
· rich, vivid, and lively detail
· figurative language such as simile, hyperbole, metaphor, symbolism and personification
· showing, rather than telling through the use of active verbs and precise modifiers
Uses:
Descriptive writing appears almost everywhere and is often included in other genre, such as in a descriptive introduction of a character in a narrati
Here are the goal, characteristics, and the uses of the description.
Goal:
Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.
Characteristics:
The general characteristics of descriptive writing include:
· elaborate use of sensory language
· rich, vivid, and lively detail
· figurative language such as simile, hyperbole, metaphor, symbolism and personification
· showing, rather than telling through the use of active verbs and precise modifiers
Uses:
Descriptive writing appears almost everywhere and is often included in other genre, such as in a descriptive introduction of a character in a narrati
Chapter 15 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 15 Summaries
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information (e.g., interviewing people, researching in the library, assessing data). Although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete.
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information (e.g., interviewing people, researching in the library, assessing data). Although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete.
Chapter ten summaries ENG 82A
Chapter ten summaries
Description lists the appearance, smell, mood, or other characteristics of something. Descriptive text might account the appearance of a person (he had blue eyes, a big nose, and curly brown hair), or the details of a location, or some other element that lets you immerse yourself into the story. Descriptive text adds the details that help you visualize the characters and events in your mind's eye. It — quite literally — describes a person, place, or thing. Narration is the act of giving an account. The narrator is the person or entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. The ability to describe something convincingly will serve a writer well in any kind of essay situation. The most important thing to remember is that your job as writer is to show, not tell. If you say that the tree is beautiful, your readers are put on the defensive: "Wait a minute," they think. "We'll be the judge of that! Show us a beautiful tree and we'll believe." Do not rely, then, on adjectives that attempt to characterize a thing's attributes. Lovely, exciting, interesting – these are all useful adjectives in casual speech or when we're pointing to something that is lovely, etc., but in careful writing they don't do much for us; in fact, they sound hollow. Let nouns and verbs do the work of description for you. With nouns, your readers will see; with verbs, they will feel. In the following paragraph, taken from George Orwell's famous anti-imperialist essay, "Shooting an Elephant," see how the act of shooting the elephant delivers immense emotional impact. What adjectives would you expect to find in a paragraph about an elephant? big? grey? Loud? Enormous? Do you find them here? Watch the verbs, instead. Notice, too, another truth about description: when time is fleeting, slow down the prose. See how long the few seconds of the shooting can take in this paragraph
Description lists the appearance, smell, mood, or other characteristics of something. Descriptive text might account the appearance of a person (he had blue eyes, a big nose, and curly brown hair), or the details of a location, or some other element that lets you immerse yourself into the story. Descriptive text adds the details that help you visualize the characters and events in your mind's eye. It — quite literally — describes a person, place, or thing. Narration is the act of giving an account. The narrator is the person or entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. The ability to describe something convincingly will serve a writer well in any kind of essay situation. The most important thing to remember is that your job as writer is to show, not tell. If you say that the tree is beautiful, your readers are put on the defensive: "Wait a minute," they think. "We'll be the judge of that! Show us a beautiful tree and we'll believe." Do not rely, then, on adjectives that attempt to characterize a thing's attributes. Lovely, exciting, interesting – these are all useful adjectives in casual speech or when we're pointing to something that is lovely, etc., but in careful writing they don't do much for us; in fact, they sound hollow. Let nouns and verbs do the work of description for you. With nouns, your readers will see; with verbs, they will feel. In the following paragraph, taken from George Orwell's famous anti-imperialist essay, "Shooting an Elephant," see how the act of shooting the elephant delivers immense emotional impact. What adjectives would you expect to find in a paragraph about an elephant? big? grey? Loud? Enormous? Do you find them here? Watch the verbs, instead. Notice, too, another truth about description: when time is fleeting, slow down the prose. See how long the few seconds of the shooting can take in this paragraph
Chapter eight summary ENG 82 A
One Writing Process
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Chapter three summaries ENG 82A
Chapter three summaries ENG 82A
When you plan an essay, you have two basic thinking objectives (1) establish a thesis or focus for your writing, and (2) organize the supporting information you can approach the composition of an essay using a number of different writing strategies. Some people like to start writing and wait to see what develops. Others work up scraps of ideas until they perceive a shape emerging. However, if you are in any doubt at all, it's a good idea to plan your work. The task of writing is usually much easier if you create a set of notes which outline the points you are going to make. Using this approach, you will create a basic structure on which your ideas can be built. 2. Plan this is a part of the essay-writing process which is best carried out using plenty of scrap paper. Get used to the idea of shaping and re-shaping your ideas before you start writing, editing and rearranging your arguments as you give them more thought. Planning on-screen using a word-processor is possible, but it's a fairly advanced technique. 3. Analyze the question Make sure you understand what the question is asking for. What is it giving you the chance to write about? What is its central issue? Analyze any of its key terms and any instructions. If you are in any doubt, ask your tutor to explain what is required. 4. Generate ideas you need to assemble ideas for the essay. On a first sheet of paper, make a note of anything which might be relevant to your answer. These might be topics, ideas, observations, or instances from your study materials. Put down anything you think of at this stage.
When you plan an essay, you have two basic thinking objectives (1) establish a thesis or focus for your writing, and (2) organize the supporting information you can approach the composition of an essay using a number of different writing strategies. Some people like to start writing and wait to see what develops. Others work up scraps of ideas until they perceive a shape emerging. However, if you are in any doubt at all, it's a good idea to plan your work. The task of writing is usually much easier if you create a set of notes which outline the points you are going to make. Using this approach, you will create a basic structure on which your ideas can be built. 2. Plan this is a part of the essay-writing process which is best carried out using plenty of scrap paper. Get used to the idea of shaping and re-shaping your ideas before you start writing, editing and rearranging your arguments as you give them more thought. Planning on-screen using a word-processor is possible, but it's a fairly advanced technique. 3. Analyze the question Make sure you understand what the question is asking for. What is it giving you the chance to write about? What is its central issue? Analyze any of its key terms and any instructions. If you are in any doubt, ask your tutor to explain what is required. 4. Generate ideas you need to assemble ideas for the essay. On a first sheet of paper, make a note of anything which might be relevant to your answer. These might be topics, ideas, observations, or instances from your study materials. Put down anything you think of at this stage.
Chapter 11 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 11 summaries ENG 82A
When writing a reflection essay, keep to the basic rules of five paragraph essay; give an introductory paragraph that tells about the author, the document, and the issue or issues you will develop. Develop your idea by dividing it into several important points and, therefore, into several paragraphs, give solid background information. You can either put it into separate paragraphs, or weave into writing. Use topic sentences, identify and comment on specific issues addressed in the selected text, give examples, answer the five: who, what, where, who, and when, provide some sense of the importance of this writing for your own faith development. Use good sentence structure, avoid sentence fragments and fused sentences. Descriptive essay strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this affect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observation and descriptions. There’s one thing we should remember as when we write our descriptive essay that we have to show the different between showing and telling.
When writing a reflection essay, keep to the basic rules of five paragraph essay; give an introductory paragraph that tells about the author, the document, and the issue or issues you will develop. Develop your idea by dividing it into several important points and, therefore, into several paragraphs, give solid background information. You can either put it into separate paragraphs, or weave into writing. Use topic sentences, identify and comment on specific issues addressed in the selected text, give examples, answer the five: who, what, where, who, and when, provide some sense of the importance of this writing for your own faith development. Use good sentence structure, avoid sentence fragments and fused sentences. Descriptive essay strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this affect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observation and descriptions. There’s one thing we should remember as when we write our descriptive essay that we have to show the different between showing and telling.
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Chapter 12 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 12 summaries ENG 82A
The cause and effect essay explains the reasons of the event or interprets the consequences of the event. You may open your essay with a well-known outcome or situation and study what caused such a result. Another way of starting such an essay is to describe some event and then analyze its consequences. Many students find difficulty in differentiating cause and effect. If you want to define the cause of something, ask yourself “why”. Ask yourself “what” and you will determine the effect. The preparatory stage of writing this essay suggests your determining causes and effects. There may be too many causes for you to cover in your essay and you are to choose the main for presenting them in the scope of your writing. You should explain the reader that there are some other minor reasons not covered in your essay. It is important to decide whether you are writing to inform or to persuade the reader and accordingly choose your writing style, I advise to concentrate only on the most recent and direct causes (effects). Using supporting information will strengthen your essay. Feel free to provide the reader with facts, give examples. You may finish your cause and effect essay with a call for action.
The cause and effect essay explains the reasons of the event or interprets the consequences of the event. You may open your essay with a well-known outcome or situation and study what caused such a result. Another way of starting such an essay is to describe some event and then analyze its consequences. Many students find difficulty in differentiating cause and effect. If you want to define the cause of something, ask yourself “why”. Ask yourself “what” and you will determine the effect. The preparatory stage of writing this essay suggests your determining causes and effects. There may be too many causes for you to cover in your essay and you are to choose the main for presenting them in the scope of your writing. You should explain the reader that there are some other minor reasons not covered in your essay. It is important to decide whether you are writing to inform or to persuade the reader and accordingly choose your writing style, I advise to concentrate only on the most recent and direct causes (effects). Using supporting information will strengthen your essay. Feel free to provide the reader with facts, give examples. You may finish your cause and effect essay with a call for action.
Chapter eight summaries ENG 82A
One Writing Process
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Chapter 14 summaries
Classification writing is a widespread type of at colleges and universities. Some schools also practice giving students the task of composing a classification on one or several topics. This is a good way of organizing objects, materials or any other data using simple method of classification. This type allows you to rank a number of objects under several titles so that you can communicate with a person using the classification titles. You should include the definition of any process you are going to research. Classification is a system of grouping objects of study or observation in accordance with their common traits. A well-composed classification shows how well you understand its notion, functions and overall role for the research field. Being more or less conventional (respectively to the subject that fulfills it and its perception of “common signs”), the classification could help simplify the communication of people using it (if the perception of “common signs” is quite common). For example, in your paper you can use the concept of monotone function without having to apply each time to the definition that makes this a subset of the functions from multiple functions in general. Such classification can be taken into consideration when choosing an appropriate topic for your paper. The basis of classification that is for a person to use is referring objects to the different categories. What you need is to give your paper topic and instructions, in order to help writers make sense of large or complex sets of things.
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