Cats Make Good House pets
"A dog is man's best friend." That common saying may contain some truth, but dogs are not the only animal friend whose companionship people enjoy. For many people, a cat is their best friend. Despite what dog lovers may believe, cats make excellent house pets.
In the first place, people enjoy the companionship of cats. Many cats are affectionate. They will snuggle up and ask to be petted, or scratched under the chin. Who can resist a purring cat? If they're not feeling affectionate, cats are generally quite playful. They love to chase balls and feathers, or just about anything dangling from a string. They especially enjoy playing when their owners are participating in the game. Contrary to popular opinion, cats can be trained. Using rewards and punishments, just like with a dog, a cat can be trained to avoid unwanted behavior or perform tricks. Cats will even fetch!
In the second place, cats are civilized members of the household. Unlike dogs, cats do not bark or make other loud noises. Most cats don't even meow very often. They generally lead a quiet existence. Cats also don't often have "accidents." Mother cats train their kittens to use the litter box, and most cats will use it without fail from that time on. Even stray cats usually understand the concept when shown the box and will use it regularly. Cats do have claws, and owners must make provision for this. A tall scratching post in a favorite cat area of the house will often keep the cat content to leave the furniture alone. As a last resort, of course, cats can be declawed.
Lastly, one of the most attractive features of cats as housepets is their ease of care. Cats do not have to be walked. They get plenty of exercise in the house as they play, and they do their business in the litter box. Cleaning a litter box is a quick, painless procedure. Cats also take care of their own grooming. Bathing a cat is almost never necessary because under ordinary circumstances cats clean themselves. Cats are more particular about personal cleanliness than people are. In addition, cats can be left home alone for a few hours without fear. Unlike some pets, most cats will not destroy the furnishings when left alone. They are content to go about their usual activities until their owners return.
Cats are low maintenance, civilized companions. People who have small living quarters or less time for pet care should appreciate these characteristics of cats. However, many people who have plenty of space and time still opt to have a cat because they love the cat personality. In many ways, cats are the ideal house pet.
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Analatycal eesay
Divorce
A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).
An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.
One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with 'access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes in the legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place. It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.
Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart's explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.
The two explanations described above have very different implications for social policy, especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to make them less obtainable. This approach, one imagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, the experience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).
Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in the present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.
It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broader socio-economic one.
Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of one or both parents. This situation suggests that in studying the modern family, one needs to employ a historical perspective, including the possibility of looking to the past in searching for ways of dealing with problems in the present.
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996). Divorces, Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Printing Service.
Bell, R. and G. Zajdow (1997) Family and household. In R. Jureidini, S. Kenny and M. Poole (eds). Sociology: Australian Connections. St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin
Bilton, T., K. Bonnett and P. Jones (1987). Introductory Sociology, 2nd edition. London: MacMillan.
Haralambos, M. (1995). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, 3rd edition. London: Bell and Hyman.
Harrison, M. (1995). Grounds for divorce. Family Matters. No 42 pp 34-35.
Johnson, V. (1981). The Last Resort: A Women's Refuge. Ringwood: Penguin.
Kilmartin, C. (1997). Children divorce and one-parent families. Family Matters. No. 48. ( Available On-line )
McDonald, P. (1993). Family Trends and Structure in Australia. Australian Family Briefings No 3. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.
A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).
An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.
One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with 'access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes in the legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place. It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.
Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart's explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.
The two explanations described above have very different implications for social policy, especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also being determined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this rise is to make them less obtainable. This approach, one imagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes. Furthermore, the experience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).
Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in the present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.
It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broader socio-economic one.
Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of one or both parents. This situation suggests that in studying the modern family, one needs to employ a historical perspective, including the possibility of looking to the past in searching for ways of dealing with problems in the present.
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996). Divorces, Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Printing Service.
Bell, R. and G. Zajdow (1997) Family and household. In R. Jureidini, S. Kenny and M. Poole (eds). Sociology: Australian Connections. St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin
Bilton, T., K. Bonnett and P. Jones (1987). Introductory Sociology, 2nd edition. London: MacMillan.
Haralambos, M. (1995). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, 3rd edition. London: Bell and Hyman.
Harrison, M. (1995). Grounds for divorce. Family Matters. No 42 pp 34-35.
Johnson, V. (1981). The Last Resort: A Women's Refuge. Ringwood: Penguin.
Kilmartin, C. (1997). Children divorce and one-parent families. Family Matters. No. 48. ( Available On-line )
McDonald, P. (1993). Family Trends and Structure in Australia. Australian Family Briefings No 3. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Chapter 18 summaries ENG 82 A
A position presents an arguable opinion about an issue. The goal of a position is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and worth listening to. Ideas that you are considering need to be carefully examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and organizing your position. It is very important to ensure that you are addressing all sides of the issue and presenting it in a manner that is easy for your audience to understand. Your job is to take one side of the argument and persuade your audience that you have well-founded knowledge of the topic being presented. It is important to support your argument with evidence to ensure the validity of your claims, as well as to address the counterclaims to show that you are well informed about both sides. Issue Criteria To take a side on a subject, you should first establish the arguability of a topic that interests you. Ask yourself the following questions to ensure that you will be able to present a strong position: Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and uncertainty? Can you distinctly identify two positions? Are you personally interested in advocating one of these positions? Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable? Analyzing an Issue and Developing an Argument Once your topic is selected, you should do some research on the subject matter. While you may already have an opinion on your topic and an idea about which side of the argument you want to take, you need to ensure that your position is well supported. Listing out the pro and con sides of the topic will help you examine your ability to support your counterclaims, along with a list of supporting evidence for both sides. Supporting evidence includes the following: Factual Knowledge - Information that is verifiable and agreed upon by almost everyone. Statistical Inferences - Interpretation and examples of an accumulation of facts. Informed Opinion - Opinion developed through research and/or expertise of the claim. Personal experience related by a knowledgeable party. Once you have made your pro and con lists, compare the information side by side. Considering your audience, as well as your own viewpoint, choose the position you will take. In considering the audience, ask yourself the following questions: Who is your audience? What do they believe? Where do they stand on the issue? How are their interests involved? What evidence is likely to be effective with them? In determining your viewpoint, ask yourself the following: Is your topic interesting? Can you manage the material within the specifications set by the instructor? Does your topic assert something specific and propose a plan of action? Do you have enough material to support your opinion? Organization Your introduction should lead up to a thesis that organizes the rest of your position.
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Chapter 17 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 17 summaries ENG 82A
The purpose of a persuasive or argumentation is to get the reader to side with you on a particular topic for the reasons that you present. One thing to keep in mind is that no matter what mode of writing you choose, all writing should meet the guidelines set by Persuasive and argument contains some common elements. They must clarify the relevant values of the topic so that the audience can see the position of the paper. Remember that there are many parts of any argument. The topic of the paper should be specific to the issue that you plan to address. Present facts that support the side of the argument that you plan to present and to persuade for or against. Facts can consist of statistics, researched information, and other materials that are found in. theStrategiesforPersuasive, Argument Papers should take some time to organize your thoughts. Here are a few prewriting strategies that focus specifically on writing persuasive argument essays. Choose a side of the argument that you feel most comfortable presenting._ while researching the facts, think of the questions posed for the assignment or the topics to investigate. Analyze the source of information presented for value and reliability. List the facts and opposing arguments on the topic that are most important for your audience.
The purpose of a persuasive or argumentation is to get the reader to side with you on a particular topic for the reasons that you present. One thing to keep in mind is that no matter what mode of writing you choose, all writing should meet the guidelines set by Persuasive and argument contains some common elements. They must clarify the relevant values of the topic so that the audience can see the position of the paper. Remember that there are many parts of any argument. The topic of the paper should be specific to the issue that you plan to address. Present facts that support the side of the argument that you plan to present and to persuade for or against. Facts can consist of statistics, researched information, and other materials that are found in. theStrategiesforPersuasive, Argument Papers should take some time to organize your thoughts. Here are a few prewriting strategies that focus specifically on writing persuasive argument essays. Choose a side of the argument that you feel most comfortable presenting._ while researching the facts, think of the questions posed for the assignment or the topics to investigate. Analyze the source of information presented for value and reliability. List the facts and opposing arguments on the topic that are most important for your audience.
Chapter 20 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 20 summaries ENG 82A
A good proposing-solution addresses a proposal that is worth pursuing and can be solved practically. Develop a proposal. The first person you’ll need to convince of your topic is yourself. By develop a rationale for your selection, define your initial understanding: clarify what you know about the proposal and what you think you know about potential solutions. Determine what you need to learn: develop questions to help you begin your research or writing. Get early feedback. Don’t jump to conclusion. We all think we have the answer to life’s problems. Unfortunately, in our rush to judgment, we often Miss Key details that would help us make better decisions, Research, Read as much as you can about your topic, starting with broad discussions on your topic, Research some more—but creatively. The two best methods: construct a survey to be given to the audience affected by your problem or interview key people associated with the problem (or solution). Both methods can provide significant credibility to your analysis and proposal. Outline your proposal first. Know where your paper needs to go before you begin. Proposal-solution has a lot of components and thus need to follow a tight structure: you address the problem, you establish middle ground between all concerned parties, and you present your vision for how to solve the problem. What I learned in this chapter that we need to define the nature of the problem, Establish its existence by explaining what has caused or led to the problem, Explain the extent of the problem, Explain its effects and why it is an issue that needs to be solved, finally, warn readers about future effects if no solution is offered. Apply prior experiences from other communities to this section.
A good proposing-solution addresses a proposal that is worth pursuing and can be solved practically. Develop a proposal. The first person you’ll need to convince of your topic is yourself. By develop a rationale for your selection, define your initial understanding: clarify what you know about the proposal and what you think you know about potential solutions. Determine what you need to learn: develop questions to help you begin your research or writing. Get early feedback. Don’t jump to conclusion. We all think we have the answer to life’s problems. Unfortunately, in our rush to judgment, we often Miss Key details that would help us make better decisions, Research, Read as much as you can about your topic, starting with broad discussions on your topic, Research some more—but creatively. The two best methods: construct a survey to be given to the audience affected by your problem or interview key people associated with the problem (or solution). Both methods can provide significant credibility to your analysis and proposal. Outline your proposal first. Know where your paper needs to go before you begin. Proposal-solution has a lot of components and thus need to follow a tight structure: you address the problem, you establish middle ground between all concerned parties, and you present your vision for how to solve the problem. What I learned in this chapter that we need to define the nature of the problem, Establish its existence by explaining what has caused or led to the problem, Explain the extent of the problem, Explain its effects and why it is an issue that needs to be solved, finally, warn readers about future effects if no solution is offered. Apply prior experiences from other communities to this section.
Tuesday, April 21, 2009
Chapter 19 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 19 summaries ENG 82A
Persuading readers is a difficult task. No one is expected to persuade every reader or audience member, but you can get all of your readers or audience to think critical about your view. Difficulty Moderately Easy Things You’ll Need: Strong set of facts a command of your point of view a way to connect your points to the audience’s needs and wants Step1Tell your audiences why you believe in the point you are arguing for or against. People will not believe in something if they believe you don’t. Step2Present solid facts on what you are arguing for or against, or are trying to persuade your audience to do. Emotional appeals are fine, but when people are asked to believe in something they never thought of or don’t agree with the best way to get them on your side is to present facts that they can’t disagree with. Step3 Mention reasons why some people may not take your side. The point of persuasive readers is to get one’s audience to agree with his or her point of view, but everyone may not agree with you or have questions about what you are arguing for or against. By stating opposing viewpoints you recognize those members of your audience, show your audience that you are not blinded by your own personal view. But remember that you still hold strong to your views, and immediately after giving views different from your own that you tell your audience why your view is better. Step4Tell your audience how adopting your viewpoint can be beneficial to them. For example, if you’re trying to persuade your audience to quit smoking tell them how it will add more years to their life and save them money from not buying a new pack of cigarettes every week. Well, the important thing in this chapter is that when writing a persuasive paper, you need to think about whether you want to write on the whole issue or just one aspect of it.
Persuading readers is a difficult task. No one is expected to persuade every reader or audience member, but you can get all of your readers or audience to think critical about your view. Difficulty Moderately Easy Things You’ll Need: Strong set of facts a command of your point of view a way to connect your points to the audience’s needs and wants Step1Tell your audiences why you believe in the point you are arguing for or against. People will not believe in something if they believe you don’t. Step2Present solid facts on what you are arguing for or against, or are trying to persuade your audience to do. Emotional appeals are fine, but when people are asked to believe in something they never thought of or don’t agree with the best way to get them on your side is to present facts that they can’t disagree with. Step3 Mention reasons why some people may not take your side. The point of persuasive readers is to get one’s audience to agree with his or her point of view, but everyone may not agree with you or have questions about what you are arguing for or against. By stating opposing viewpoints you recognize those members of your audience, show your audience that you are not blinded by your own personal view. But remember that you still hold strong to your views, and immediately after giving views different from your own that you tell your audience why your view is better. Step4Tell your audience how adopting your viewpoint can be beneficial to them. For example, if you’re trying to persuade your audience to quit smoking tell them how it will add more years to their life and save them money from not buying a new pack of cigarettes every week. Well, the important thing in this chapter is that when writing a persuasive paper, you need to think about whether you want to write on the whole issue or just one aspect of it.
Chapter 16 summaries ENG 82 A
Chapter 16 summaries ENG 82A
Definition is writing that explains what a term means. Some terms have definite, concrete meanings, such as glass, book, or tree. Terms such as honesty, honor, or love are abstract and depend more on a person's point of view. Three Steps to Effective Definition Tell readers what term is being defined. Present clear and basic information. Use facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers will understand. Choosing a Definition choosing a definition is a key step in writing a definition. You need to understand the term before you can define it for others. Read the dictionary, but don't just copy the definition. Explain the term briefly in your own words. Also, it's important to limit your term before you start defining it. For example, you could write forever on the term "love." To limit it, you would write about either "romantic love," "platonic love," or "first love."Thesis Statement of a Definition The thesis statement usually identifies the term being defined and provides a brief, basic definition. How To Write an Effective Definition Create a definition. There are several ways to define a term. Here are a few options. Define by function. Explain what something does or how something works. Define by structure. Tell how something is organized or put together. Define by analysis. Compare the term to other members of its class and then illustrate the differences. These differences are special characteristics that make the term stand out. For example, compare a Siberian husky to other dogs, such as lap dogs, or sporting dogs.(term) (precise definition)Ex: A Siberian husky is a dog reputed for its ability to tolerate cold, its distinctive features, and its keen strength and stamina. Define by what the term does not mean. This distinction can sometimes clarify a definition and help a reader to better understand it. Use understandable facts, examples, or anecdotes. Select facts, examples, or anecdotes to fully explain your definition. Ask yourself, "Which examples will best help readers understand the term? What examples would most appeal to my readers? Will a brief story reveal the term's meaning?" Do not use any examples that will not support the definition. Remember: A definition is writing that explains what a term means. When writing a definition, remember to tell readers what term is being defined, to present a clear and basic definition, and to use facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers will understand.
Definition is writing that explains what a term means. Some terms have definite, concrete meanings, such as glass, book, or tree. Terms such as honesty, honor, or love are abstract and depend more on a person's point of view. Three Steps to Effective Definition Tell readers what term is being defined. Present clear and basic information. Use facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers will understand. Choosing a Definition choosing a definition is a key step in writing a definition. You need to understand the term before you can define it for others. Read the dictionary, but don't just copy the definition. Explain the term briefly in your own words. Also, it's important to limit your term before you start defining it. For example, you could write forever on the term "love." To limit it, you would write about either "romantic love," "platonic love," or "first love."Thesis Statement of a Definition The thesis statement usually identifies the term being defined and provides a brief, basic definition. How To Write an Effective Definition Create a definition. There are several ways to define a term. Here are a few options. Define by function. Explain what something does or how something works. Define by structure. Tell how something is organized or put together. Define by analysis. Compare the term to other members of its class and then illustrate the differences. These differences are special characteristics that make the term stand out. For example, compare a Siberian husky to other dogs, such as lap dogs, or sporting dogs.(term) (precise definition)Ex: A Siberian husky is a dog reputed for its ability to tolerate cold, its distinctive features, and its keen strength and stamina. Define by what the term does not mean. This distinction can sometimes clarify a definition and help a reader to better understand it. Use understandable facts, examples, or anecdotes. Select facts, examples, or anecdotes to fully explain your definition. Ask yourself, "Which examples will best help readers understand the term? What examples would most appeal to my readers? Will a brief story reveal the term's meaning?" Do not use any examples that will not support the definition. Remember: A definition is writing that explains what a term means. When writing a definition, remember to tell readers what term is being defined, to present a clear and basic definition, and to use facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers will understand.
Thursday, March 12, 2009
My First Journey to the USA
My First Journey to the USA
One day I thought about going to the United States. It was not as easy as I thought it would be. The issuance of the visa wasn’t easy as well; I had to put all my documents together, before I could go to the embassy to apply for the issuance of visa. Since I knew that it’s not easy to get the visa, I planned well and got all the necessary things to be able to convince the authorities in the embassy. Lucky for me, I went out to the embassy and filed my application, and I was given a date for my interview. It took two weeks for my application to be processed. I was very anxious to be able to pass the interview process. Finally the date for the interview came; I went to the interview without any expectation of not getting the visa. I entered the office of the consulate and had the interview. Low and behold, in about twenty minutes the interview was over and I had my visa on my passport. I was full of happiness that what I had dreamt about was coming to pass.
After my visa I went to book my airline ticket from Jordan to the United States. It was a smooth journey from my country to the USA (Chicago airport) in order to complete my journey to Florida, but my flight schedule was from Jordan to Chicago at 5pm and the transit to Florida was at 7pm.
Finally I arrived at the Chicago airport. Upon my arrival at Chicago airport I had to be in a queue waiting for my turn to be approved by the immigration officer. When it was my turn he looked so many times at my passport. I was very nervous because I did not understand why he was looking at my passport for so long. Suddenly he told me to follow him, which I did obediently. I followed him to a different room where we met a superintendent officer. They spoke in a way that I never understood. I was asked to sit down by the officer; there was some interrogation by the officer. During this interrogation I was asked by one of the officers again where I was from. I was again move to another room, my heart was pounding because I have never ever experience such mishandling, I had to abide by what he told me, I had several questions bombard on me, which I gave the needed answers, one of the questions was that ( do you have any nephews in the United States ), at that moment I sat down for a while thinking about the question, immediately I said to him yes I had, he asked me who are they?, and my answer was that my uncle is the ambassador of my country to the USA (Washington) , and my father too was among the members of the police force in the early seventeen’s to participates a training with the USA, CIA department. After given out all these answers he done approved my arrival at Chicago airport. I was very much relief and kind of looking to myself. I went out of the room only to notice that my time for the transit is passed and I missed my flight. The option that I had was to book a new ticket to the next day, so that I can continue my journey to Florida.
I went to collect my luggage, I then called the airline company and asked them what to do, they told me to book a hotel, I went downstairs searching for a phone in order to make a call and reserve a room In a hotel to sleep around that night, I asked people on how I can find a telephone because it has its own way, finally I called the hotel and they told me we will send the bus for you, I was waiting for the bus, the bus arrived and he pick me up to the hotel, on our way to the hotel I asked the driver to pass by for a supermarket where I can have a cigarette, he took me to a supermarket and I had what I wanted. At this time I was disappointed with the kind of the situation that I am passing through until I reached the supermarket and found that is the owner of the supermarket was a Jordanian, so I was very please meeting him, I told him my entire story and the problems I faced, I felt that I am in my country just for five minutes. I left to the hotel and I took a shower, I had a sound sleep because I was tired. The day after I have get ready to my flight
One day I thought about going to the United States. It was not as easy as I thought it would be. The issuance of the visa wasn’t easy as well; I had to put all my documents together, before I could go to the embassy to apply for the issuance of visa. Since I knew that it’s not easy to get the visa, I planned well and got all the necessary things to be able to convince the authorities in the embassy. Lucky for me, I went out to the embassy and filed my application, and I was given a date for my interview. It took two weeks for my application to be processed. I was very anxious to be able to pass the interview process. Finally the date for the interview came; I went to the interview without any expectation of not getting the visa. I entered the office of the consulate and had the interview. Low and behold, in about twenty minutes the interview was over and I had my visa on my passport. I was full of happiness that what I had dreamt about was coming to pass.
After my visa I went to book my airline ticket from Jordan to the United States. It was a smooth journey from my country to the USA (Chicago airport) in order to complete my journey to Florida, but my flight schedule was from Jordan to Chicago at 5pm and the transit to Florida was at 7pm.
Finally I arrived at the Chicago airport. Upon my arrival at Chicago airport I had to be in a queue waiting for my turn to be approved by the immigration officer. When it was my turn he looked so many times at my passport. I was very nervous because I did not understand why he was looking at my passport for so long. Suddenly he told me to follow him, which I did obediently. I followed him to a different room where we met a superintendent officer. They spoke in a way that I never understood. I was asked to sit down by the officer; there was some interrogation by the officer. During this interrogation I was asked by one of the officers again where I was from. I was again move to another room, my heart was pounding because I have never ever experience such mishandling, I had to abide by what he told me, I had several questions bombard on me, which I gave the needed answers, one of the questions was that ( do you have any nephews in the United States ), at that moment I sat down for a while thinking about the question, immediately I said to him yes I had, he asked me who are they?, and my answer was that my uncle is the ambassador of my country to the USA (Washington) , and my father too was among the members of the police force in the early seventeen’s to participates a training with the USA, CIA department. After given out all these answers he done approved my arrival at Chicago airport. I was very much relief and kind of looking to myself. I went out of the room only to notice that my time for the transit is passed and I missed my flight. The option that I had was to book a new ticket to the next day, so that I can continue my journey to Florida.
I went to collect my luggage, I then called the airline company and asked them what to do, they told me to book a hotel, I went downstairs searching for a phone in order to make a call and reserve a room In a hotel to sleep around that night, I asked people on how I can find a telephone because it has its own way, finally I called the hotel and they told me we will send the bus for you, I was waiting for the bus, the bus arrived and he pick me up to the hotel, on our way to the hotel I asked the driver to pass by for a supermarket where I can have a cigarette, he took me to a supermarket and I had what I wanted. At this time I was disappointed with the kind of the situation that I am passing through until I reached the supermarket and found that is the owner of the supermarket was a Jordanian, so I was very please meeting him, I told him my entire story and the problems I faced, I felt that I am in my country just for five minutes. I left to the hotel and I took a shower, I had a sound sleep because I was tired. The day after I have get ready to my flight
Exercise one page # 26 ENG 82 A
Exercise 0ne page#26
v What thinking, writing, and reading skills are required in your field of study, reflect on those possibilities?
On thinking we have to focus on the ways language is used to promote specific viewpoints and arguments in a range of texts from different disciplines. In order to get an opportunities to analyze texts critically, and present them orally and in writing.
Writing skills will help us gain an understanding of the genre and common language features of writing
The reading skills required in my filed is to depicts the patterns of the concept and establishing a pattern of daily reading
v What thinking, writing, and reading skills are required in your field of study, reflect on those possibilities?
On thinking we have to focus on the ways language is used to promote specific viewpoints and arguments in a range of texts from different disciplines. In order to get an opportunities to analyze texts critically, and present them orally and in writing.
Writing skills will help us gain an understanding of the genre and common language features of writing
The reading skills required in my filed is to depicts the patterns of the concept and establishing a pattern of daily reading
Exercise five page # 230 ENG 82A
Get the Most Out of a Difficult Situation
Everyone has a friend or two that is difficult. When it's a close relation or someone you see every day - it's worth changing it. Once you're in a difficult situation it's hard not to believe you are stuck. When you think, "But it's true - I have to deal with the fact that it's happening to me" -- then you are making it tough on yourself. Your problem is ONLY stuck BECAUSE you believe it is and that it has to be this way. Once you change how you see it - it will change. Anything you want can be true. How? The "truth" changes as your attitude changes. Prove it to yourself. Learn the simple trick of changing your mind - and you can change anything in your life for the better. Train your mind by FOCUSING on only the outcome you want -- and ignoring what you don't want. Your solution will soon become "true." Might as well get the most out of this situation. Experience this a few times, and you'll have the skill. A Quick Good Fortune Insight: Problems are always about relating to others. The bigger the problem the more profitable the solution. The stress involved is costing everyone - more than the loss of time and money. Good relations are the foundation of success -- you can't be happy -- or successful -- without them.
Everyone has a friend or two that is difficult. When it's a close relation or someone you see every day - it's worth changing it. Once you're in a difficult situation it's hard not to believe you are stuck. When you think, "But it's true - I have to deal with the fact that it's happening to me" -- then you are making it tough on yourself. Your problem is ONLY stuck BECAUSE you believe it is and that it has to be this way. Once you change how you see it - it will change. Anything you want can be true. How? The "truth" changes as your attitude changes. Prove it to yourself. Learn the simple trick of changing your mind - and you can change anything in your life for the better. Train your mind by FOCUSING on only the outcome you want -- and ignoring what you don't want. Your solution will soon become "true." Might as well get the most out of this situation. Experience this a few times, and you'll have the skill. A Quick Good Fortune Insight: Problems are always about relating to others. The bigger the problem the more profitable the solution. The stress involved is costing everyone - more than the loss of time and money. Good relations are the foundation of success -- you can't be happy -- or successful -- without them.
Exercise #4 pages#216 ENG 82A
Exercise #4 pages#216
· Develop a list of social, economic, or political topics in the news, choose one, research it, classify its components, and then write an essay that explains the topic.
Young People as a Social Problem
In the wake of the alarming rate of juvenile delinquency and the accumulating cases of teenage suicide since the mid 90's, it's not surprising to see that the majority started to accuse young people as a source of social problem. Nowadays, some may even consider young people as a group of easily-agitated gangster’s equipped with the potential ability and the desire to disrupt the present social order. However, is it justified to point the finger of blame on our teenagers for the social problems? Is it really a fact that the pillars of our future society could no longer be relied on? As a youth myself, instead of considering young people as a social problem, I would regard young people as a mirror reflecting our social problems. We all share the responsibility of the social problems created by the young people. Juveniles are not "born criminals" who deliberately disrupt the social order for their own pleasure. There should be reason behind their action of juvenile delinquency, drug abuse and teenage suicide. With reference to the latest stastics provided to the authorities, an overwhelming majority of juvenile delinquents claimed that peer pressure and loneliness are the main reasons for their offence. Most teenagers who engaged with drug abuse or teenage suicide were troubled youth who have been suffering from unresolved emotional disturbances.
· Develop a list of social, economic, or political topics in the news, choose one, research it, classify its components, and then write an essay that explains the topic.
Young People as a Social Problem
In the wake of the alarming rate of juvenile delinquency and the accumulating cases of teenage suicide since the mid 90's, it's not surprising to see that the majority started to accuse young people as a source of social problem. Nowadays, some may even consider young people as a group of easily-agitated gangster’s equipped with the potential ability and the desire to disrupt the present social order. However, is it justified to point the finger of blame on our teenagers for the social problems? Is it really a fact that the pillars of our future society could no longer be relied on? As a youth myself, instead of considering young people as a social problem, I would regard young people as a mirror reflecting our social problems. We all share the responsibility of the social problems created by the young people. Juveniles are not "born criminals" who deliberately disrupt the social order for their own pleasure. There should be reason behind their action of juvenile delinquency, drug abuse and teenage suicide. With reference to the latest stastics provided to the authorities, an overwhelming majority of juvenile delinquents claimed that peer pressure and loneliness are the main reasons for their offence. Most teenagers who engaged with drug abuse or teenage suicide were troubled youth who have been suffering from unresolved emotional disturbances.
Exercise two pages # 38 ENG 82A
Exercise two pages # 38
Here are the goal, characteristics, and the uses of the description.
Goal:
Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.
Characteristics:
The general characteristics of descriptive writing include:
· elaborate use of sensory language
· rich, vivid, and lively detail
· figurative language such as simile, hyperbole, metaphor, symbolism and personification
· showing, rather than telling through the use of active verbs and precise modifiers
Uses:
Descriptive writing appears almost everywhere and is often included in other genre, such as in a descriptive introduction of a character in a narrati
Here are the goal, characteristics, and the uses of the description.
Goal:
Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, or thing in such a way that the reader can visualize the topic and enter into the writer’s experience.
Characteristics:
The general characteristics of descriptive writing include:
· elaborate use of sensory language
· rich, vivid, and lively detail
· figurative language such as simile, hyperbole, metaphor, symbolism and personification
· showing, rather than telling through the use of active verbs and precise modifiers
Uses:
Descriptive writing appears almost everywhere and is often included in other genre, such as in a descriptive introduction of a character in a narrati
Chapter 15 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 15 Summaries
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information (e.g., interviewing people, researching in the library, assessing data). Although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete.
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information (e.g., interviewing people, researching in the library, assessing data). Although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete.
Chapter ten summaries ENG 82A
Chapter ten summaries
Description lists the appearance, smell, mood, or other characteristics of something. Descriptive text might account the appearance of a person (he had blue eyes, a big nose, and curly brown hair), or the details of a location, or some other element that lets you immerse yourself into the story. Descriptive text adds the details that help you visualize the characters and events in your mind's eye. It — quite literally — describes a person, place, or thing. Narration is the act of giving an account. The narrator is the person or entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. The ability to describe something convincingly will serve a writer well in any kind of essay situation. The most important thing to remember is that your job as writer is to show, not tell. If you say that the tree is beautiful, your readers are put on the defensive: "Wait a minute," they think. "We'll be the judge of that! Show us a beautiful tree and we'll believe." Do not rely, then, on adjectives that attempt to characterize a thing's attributes. Lovely, exciting, interesting – these are all useful adjectives in casual speech or when we're pointing to something that is lovely, etc., but in careful writing they don't do much for us; in fact, they sound hollow. Let nouns and verbs do the work of description for you. With nouns, your readers will see; with verbs, they will feel. In the following paragraph, taken from George Orwell's famous anti-imperialist essay, "Shooting an Elephant," see how the act of shooting the elephant delivers immense emotional impact. What adjectives would you expect to find in a paragraph about an elephant? big? grey? Loud? Enormous? Do you find them here? Watch the verbs, instead. Notice, too, another truth about description: when time is fleeting, slow down the prose. See how long the few seconds of the shooting can take in this paragraph
Description lists the appearance, smell, mood, or other characteristics of something. Descriptive text might account the appearance of a person (he had blue eyes, a big nose, and curly brown hair), or the details of a location, or some other element that lets you immerse yourself into the story. Descriptive text adds the details that help you visualize the characters and events in your mind's eye. It — quite literally — describes a person, place, or thing. Narration is the act of giving an account. The narrator is the person or entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. The ability to describe something convincingly will serve a writer well in any kind of essay situation. The most important thing to remember is that your job as writer is to show, not tell. If you say that the tree is beautiful, your readers are put on the defensive: "Wait a minute," they think. "We'll be the judge of that! Show us a beautiful tree and we'll believe." Do not rely, then, on adjectives that attempt to characterize a thing's attributes. Lovely, exciting, interesting – these are all useful adjectives in casual speech or when we're pointing to something that is lovely, etc., but in careful writing they don't do much for us; in fact, they sound hollow. Let nouns and verbs do the work of description for you. With nouns, your readers will see; with verbs, they will feel. In the following paragraph, taken from George Orwell's famous anti-imperialist essay, "Shooting an Elephant," see how the act of shooting the elephant delivers immense emotional impact. What adjectives would you expect to find in a paragraph about an elephant? big? grey? Loud? Enormous? Do you find them here? Watch the verbs, instead. Notice, too, another truth about description: when time is fleeting, slow down the prose. See how long the few seconds of the shooting can take in this paragraph
Chapter eight summary ENG 82 A
One Writing Process
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Chapter three summaries ENG 82A
Chapter three summaries ENG 82A
When you plan an essay, you have two basic thinking objectives (1) establish a thesis or focus for your writing, and (2) organize the supporting information you can approach the composition of an essay using a number of different writing strategies. Some people like to start writing and wait to see what develops. Others work up scraps of ideas until they perceive a shape emerging. However, if you are in any doubt at all, it's a good idea to plan your work. The task of writing is usually much easier if you create a set of notes which outline the points you are going to make. Using this approach, you will create a basic structure on which your ideas can be built. 2. Plan this is a part of the essay-writing process which is best carried out using plenty of scrap paper. Get used to the idea of shaping and re-shaping your ideas before you start writing, editing and rearranging your arguments as you give them more thought. Planning on-screen using a word-processor is possible, but it's a fairly advanced technique. 3. Analyze the question Make sure you understand what the question is asking for. What is it giving you the chance to write about? What is its central issue? Analyze any of its key terms and any instructions. If you are in any doubt, ask your tutor to explain what is required. 4. Generate ideas you need to assemble ideas for the essay. On a first sheet of paper, make a note of anything which might be relevant to your answer. These might be topics, ideas, observations, or instances from your study materials. Put down anything you think of at this stage.
When you plan an essay, you have two basic thinking objectives (1) establish a thesis or focus for your writing, and (2) organize the supporting information you can approach the composition of an essay using a number of different writing strategies. Some people like to start writing and wait to see what develops. Others work up scraps of ideas until they perceive a shape emerging. However, if you are in any doubt at all, it's a good idea to plan your work. The task of writing is usually much easier if you create a set of notes which outline the points you are going to make. Using this approach, you will create a basic structure on which your ideas can be built. 2. Plan this is a part of the essay-writing process which is best carried out using plenty of scrap paper. Get used to the idea of shaping and re-shaping your ideas before you start writing, editing and rearranging your arguments as you give them more thought. Planning on-screen using a word-processor is possible, but it's a fairly advanced technique. 3. Analyze the question Make sure you understand what the question is asking for. What is it giving you the chance to write about? What is its central issue? Analyze any of its key terms and any instructions. If you are in any doubt, ask your tutor to explain what is required. 4. Generate ideas you need to assemble ideas for the essay. On a first sheet of paper, make a note of anything which might be relevant to your answer. These might be topics, ideas, observations, or instances from your study materials. Put down anything you think of at this stage.
Chapter 11 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 11 summaries ENG 82A
When writing a reflection essay, keep to the basic rules of five paragraph essay; give an introductory paragraph that tells about the author, the document, and the issue or issues you will develop. Develop your idea by dividing it into several important points and, therefore, into several paragraphs, give solid background information. You can either put it into separate paragraphs, or weave into writing. Use topic sentences, identify and comment on specific issues addressed in the selected text, give examples, answer the five: who, what, where, who, and when, provide some sense of the importance of this writing for your own faith development. Use good sentence structure, avoid sentence fragments and fused sentences. Descriptive essay strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this affect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observation and descriptions. There’s one thing we should remember as when we write our descriptive essay that we have to show the different between showing and telling.
When writing a reflection essay, keep to the basic rules of five paragraph essay; give an introductory paragraph that tells about the author, the document, and the issue or issues you will develop. Develop your idea by dividing it into several important points and, therefore, into several paragraphs, give solid background information. You can either put it into separate paragraphs, or weave into writing. Use topic sentences, identify and comment on specific issues addressed in the selected text, give examples, answer the five: who, what, where, who, and when, provide some sense of the importance of this writing for your own faith development. Use good sentence structure, avoid sentence fragments and fused sentences. Descriptive essay strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this affect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observation and descriptions. There’s one thing we should remember as when we write our descriptive essay that we have to show the different between showing and telling.
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Chapter 12 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 12 summaries ENG 82A
The cause and effect essay explains the reasons of the event or interprets the consequences of the event. You may open your essay with a well-known outcome or situation and study what caused such a result. Another way of starting such an essay is to describe some event and then analyze its consequences. Many students find difficulty in differentiating cause and effect. If you want to define the cause of something, ask yourself “why”. Ask yourself “what” and you will determine the effect. The preparatory stage of writing this essay suggests your determining causes and effects. There may be too many causes for you to cover in your essay and you are to choose the main for presenting them in the scope of your writing. You should explain the reader that there are some other minor reasons not covered in your essay. It is important to decide whether you are writing to inform or to persuade the reader and accordingly choose your writing style, I advise to concentrate only on the most recent and direct causes (effects). Using supporting information will strengthen your essay. Feel free to provide the reader with facts, give examples. You may finish your cause and effect essay with a call for action.
The cause and effect essay explains the reasons of the event or interprets the consequences of the event. You may open your essay with a well-known outcome or situation and study what caused such a result. Another way of starting such an essay is to describe some event and then analyze its consequences. Many students find difficulty in differentiating cause and effect. If you want to define the cause of something, ask yourself “why”. Ask yourself “what” and you will determine the effect. The preparatory stage of writing this essay suggests your determining causes and effects. There may be too many causes for you to cover in your essay and you are to choose the main for presenting them in the scope of your writing. You should explain the reader that there are some other minor reasons not covered in your essay. It is important to decide whether you are writing to inform or to persuade the reader and accordingly choose your writing style, I advise to concentrate only on the most recent and direct causes (effects). Using supporting information will strengthen your essay. Feel free to provide the reader with facts, give examples. You may finish your cause and effect essay with a call for action.
Chapter eight summaries ENG 82A
One Writing Process
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. It is known as a recursive process. While you are revising, you might have to return to the prewriting step to develop and expand your ideas. Prewriting is anything you do before you write a draft of your document. It includes thinking; taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information, although prewriting is the first activity you engage in, generating ideas is an activity that occurs throughout the writing process. Drafting occurs when you put your ideas into sentences and paragraphs. Here you concentrate upon explaining and supporting your ideas fully. Here you also begin to connect your ideas. Regardless of how much thinking and planning you do, the process of putting your ideas in words changes them; often the very words you select evoke additional ideas or implications. Don't pay attention to such things as spelling at this stage. This draft tends to be writer-centered: it is you telling yourself what you know and think about the topic. Revision is the key to effective documents. Here you think more deeply about your readers' needs and expectations. The document becomes reader-centered. How much support will each idea need to convince your readers? Which terms should be defined for these particular readers? Is your organization effective? Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y? At this stage you also refine your prose, making each sentence as concise and accurate as possible. Make connections between ideas explicit and clear. Editing Check for such things as grammar, mechanics, and spelling. The last thing you should do before printing your document is to spell checks it. Don't edit your writing until the other steps in the writing process are complete
Chapter 14 summaries
Classification writing is a widespread type of at colleges and universities. Some schools also practice giving students the task of composing a classification on one or several topics. This is a good way of organizing objects, materials or any other data using simple method of classification. This type allows you to rank a number of objects under several titles so that you can communicate with a person using the classification titles. You should include the definition of any process you are going to research. Classification is a system of grouping objects of study or observation in accordance with their common traits. A well-composed classification shows how well you understand its notion, functions and overall role for the research field. Being more or less conventional (respectively to the subject that fulfills it and its perception of “common signs”), the classification could help simplify the communication of people using it (if the perception of “common signs” is quite common). For example, in your paper you can use the concept of monotone function without having to apply each time to the definition that makes this a subset of the functions from multiple functions in general. Such classification can be taken into consideration when choosing an appropriate topic for your paper. The basis of classification that is for a person to use is referring objects to the different categories. What you need is to give your paper topic and instructions, in order to help writers make sense of large or complex sets of things.
Wednesday, February 25, 2009
Narrative essay ENG 82A
Zaid Althaer
Written communication ENG 82A
02- 05- 2009
Presentation
My first journey in USA
On day I had thought myself of getting the united states, it never came easier as I thought the issuance of visa wasn’t easy as well, I had to put all my documents together, before I can go to the embassy to apply for the issuance of visa, since I knew that it’s not easy to get the visa, I plan very much well to get all the necessary thing to be able to convince the authorities in the embassy. Lucky for me I went out to the embassy and filed my application, and I was given a date for my interview, that was two weeks for my application, it was very much anxious to be able to pass to the interview process, finally the date for the interview came by, I went to the interview without any hesitant of not getting the visa, I entered the office of the console and had the interview. Hold and behold in about twenty minutes the interview was over and I had my visa on my passport, I was full of happiness that what I had dreamt about is coming to pass. After my visa I went to book my airline ticket from Jordan to the United States, it was a smooth journey from my country to the USA (Chicago airport) in order to complete my journey to Florida, but my flight schedule was from Jordan to Chicago at 5pm and the transit to Florida was at 7pm. Finally I arrived Chicago airport, upon my arrival at Chicago airport I had to be in a cue waiting for my turn to be approved by the immigration officer, when it was my turn he looks so many times observing my passport, I was very nervous because I did not understand why is he taking too many times observation on my passport, and suddenly he told me to follow him which I did perfectly. I followed him to a different room where we met a superintendent officer, they spoke in a way that I never understood, I was asked to sit down by the officer, there was some interrogation by the officer, during this interrogation I was asked by one of the officer again from where I was essentially to another room, my heart was pounding because I have never ever experience such mishandling, I had to abide by what he told me, I had several questions bombard on me, which I gave the needed answers, one of the questions was that ( do you have any nephews in the united states ), at that moment I sat down for a while thinking about the question, immediately I said to him yes I had, he asked me who are they?, and my answer was that my uncle is the ambassador of my country to the USA (Washington) , and my father too was among the members of the police force in the early seventeen’s to participates a training with the USA, CIA department. After given out all these answers he done approved my arrival at Chicago airport. I was very much relief and kind of looking to myself. I went out of the room only to notice that my time for the transit is passed and I missed my flight. The option that I had was to book a new ticket to the next day, so that I can continue my journey to Florida, it wasn’t easy but I was glad to be in the United States.
Written communication ENG 82A
02- 05- 2009
Presentation
My first journey in USA
On day I had thought myself of getting the united states, it never came easier as I thought the issuance of visa wasn’t easy as well, I had to put all my documents together, before I can go to the embassy to apply for the issuance of visa, since I knew that it’s not easy to get the visa, I plan very much well to get all the necessary thing to be able to convince the authorities in the embassy. Lucky for me I went out to the embassy and filed my application, and I was given a date for my interview, that was two weeks for my application, it was very much anxious to be able to pass to the interview process, finally the date for the interview came by, I went to the interview without any hesitant of not getting the visa, I entered the office of the console and had the interview. Hold and behold in about twenty minutes the interview was over and I had my visa on my passport, I was full of happiness that what I had dreamt about is coming to pass. After my visa I went to book my airline ticket from Jordan to the United States, it was a smooth journey from my country to the USA (Chicago airport) in order to complete my journey to Florida, but my flight schedule was from Jordan to Chicago at 5pm and the transit to Florida was at 7pm. Finally I arrived Chicago airport, upon my arrival at Chicago airport I had to be in a cue waiting for my turn to be approved by the immigration officer, when it was my turn he looks so many times observing my passport, I was very nervous because I did not understand why is he taking too many times observation on my passport, and suddenly he told me to follow him which I did perfectly. I followed him to a different room where we met a superintendent officer, they spoke in a way that I never understood, I was asked to sit down by the officer, there was some interrogation by the officer, during this interrogation I was asked by one of the officer again from where I was essentially to another room, my heart was pounding because I have never ever experience such mishandling, I had to abide by what he told me, I had several questions bombard on me, which I gave the needed answers, one of the questions was that ( do you have any nephews in the united states ), at that moment I sat down for a while thinking about the question, immediately I said to him yes I had, he asked me who are they?, and my answer was that my uncle is the ambassador of my country to the USA (Washington) , and my father too was among the members of the police force in the early seventeen’s to participates a training with the USA, CIA department. After given out all these answers he done approved my arrival at Chicago airport. I was very much relief and kind of looking to myself. I went out of the room only to notice that my time for the transit is passed and I missed my flight. The option that I had was to book a new ticket to the next day, so that I can continue my journey to Florida, it wasn’t easy but I was glad to be in the United States.
Sunday, February 22, 2009
Chapter seven summaries ENG 82A
Chapter seven summaries
Submitting a final paper is the driving force behind writing, it explain why you may have spent so much time planning, drafting, and revising any essay or a paper in the first place to express your feeling and thoughts, the most important form of submitting is sharing a finished piece of writing with your instructor and writing peers, and it also the most helpful, you have to make sure to format your writing, which mean a good page design makes your writing clear and easy to follow, the submission method is appropriate for assignment, program, and goals, and its develop the skills, may this chapter show you how to prepare your writing for any audience.
Submitting a final paper is the driving force behind writing, it explain why you may have spent so much time planning, drafting, and revising any essay or a paper in the first place to express your feeling and thoughts, the most important form of submitting is sharing a finished piece of writing with your instructor and writing peers, and it also the most helpful, you have to make sure to format your writing, which mean a good page design makes your writing clear and easy to follow, the submission method is appropriate for assignment, program, and goals, and its develop the skills, may this chapter show you how to prepare your writing for any audience.
Chapter six summaries ENG 82A
Chapter six summaries
In this chapter an author is talking about the Editing and proofreading. When you must prepare your writing, you must edit and proofread your revised writing so that it speaks clearly and accurately. When you edit, look first for words, phrases, checking for sentences style, avoid these sentence problems that sounds unclear. When you proofread, check your writing for spelling, and grammar errors. The Editing and proofreading are the second step after revising to look for any errors. I think that will help you avoiding mistakes and look over again.
In this chapter an author is talking about the Editing and proofreading. When you must prepare your writing, you must edit and proofread your revised writing so that it speaks clearly and accurately. When you edit, look first for words, phrases, checking for sentences style, avoid these sentence problems that sounds unclear. When you proofread, check your writing for spelling, and grammar errors. The Editing and proofreading are the second step after revising to look for any errors. I think that will help you avoiding mistakes and look over again.
Chapter five summaries ENG 82A
Chapter five summaries
In this chapter an author is talking about revising. Good writing almost always requires revising which help the writer to first drafts until he says exactly what he mean, examine your ideas, examine your thoughts. to prepare your writing effectively and carries out your message you advise to connect your ideas before you writing to determine what can be changed, what need to be added, what information needed to be appear, in order to get appropriate feedback and better respond .
In this chapter an author is talking about revising. Good writing almost always requires revising which help the writer to first drafts until he says exactly what he mean, examine your ideas, examine your thoughts. to prepare your writing effectively and carries out your message you advise to connect your ideas before you writing to determine what can be changed, what need to be added, what information needed to be appear, in order to get appropriate feedback and better respond .
Chapter one summaries ENG 82A
Chapter one summaries
The writer must always develop his text with awareness of reader’s perspective, and has to know firsthand what good reading is.We need to think through viewing, to read image actively, and to interpret what is meant by an image, viewing image will be using to identify the general impression and relate the image parts to one another.Critical thinking through writing must show the ability of thinking critically, be curious and ask why, what is creative, focus, and get involved.Thats will lead the audience to understand effectively.
Best regard
Zaid althaher
The writer must always develop his text with awareness of reader’s perspective, and has to know firsthand what good reading is.We need to think through viewing, to read image actively, and to interpret what is meant by an image, viewing image will be using to identify the general impression and relate the image parts to one another.Critical thinking through writing must show the ability of thinking critically, be curious and ask why, what is creative, focus, and get involved.Thats will lead the audience to understand effectively.
Best regard
Zaid althaher
Friday, February 20, 2009
Chapter 13 summaries ENG 82A
In this chapter an author is talking about comparison and contrasts the subjects which will help you first to determine and decide which similarities, in order to make the results more clarity, by analyzing, explaining, and describing. The goal of comparing and contrasting is to help the readers understand the topics, explore what is the point. To help achieve this there are keys have to be used, starting from knowing your reader, how to help readers use the information, what they know about the subject, and what they should know. Comparing subject’s show how they are similar, while contrasting them show how they are different, what I can see in this chapter that when you reflect on similarities and differences, you gain a deeper understanding of the items you are comparing, their relationship to each other, and what is most important about them.
Wednesday, February 18, 2009
Chapter 12 summaries ENG 82A
Chapter 12 summaries
We ask questions every day to understand and cope with things that happen in our lives. Knowing the causes and effect reasoning that is, he or she analyzes and explain the causes, the effects, or both the causes and the effects of the phenomenon. Writing a cause and effect essay is done by consider what your readers know and think about your subject, think logically which is supported by strong evidence, and test your thinking which is mean to check your main points for clarity ,
We ask questions every day to understand and cope with things that happen in our lives. Knowing the causes and effect reasoning that is, he or she analyzes and explain the causes, the effects, or both the causes and the effects of the phenomenon. Writing a cause and effect essay is done by consider what your readers know and think about your subject, think logically which is supported by strong evidence, and test your thinking which is mean to check your main points for clarity ,
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Chapter four summary ENG 82A
Chapter four ENG 82 A – Summary
In this chapter the author is describes a draft as a way of getting material together, and connecting ideas, and also he describes the steps in which you plan out the essay structure and the main writing moves that occur during the development of a piece of writing, in every essay you need to have the beginning, middle, and end. At the beginning it’s important to engage your reader, identify the topic, and get to the point, at the middle you need to cover your main points, raise questions, build interest, and clarify your main point, at the end you need to be able to remind the reader of the purpose, and gain the reader acceptance. Working through the previous steps helps you to find out what you want you’re writing to do, what you want it to say, and how you want to say it.
writing activities exercise page # 62 ENG 82A
Writing activities
Study the chart on page (51). Based on other material you have read or written; add another writing move for each of the three main parts of the essay: opening, middle, and ending. Name the move. Explain it, and tell what types of writing it might appear in?
Conclusion
The conclusion brings closure to the reader, summing up your points or providing a final perspective on your topic.
All the conclusion needs is three or four strong sentences which do not need to follow any set formula. Simply review the main points (being careful not to restate them exactly) or briefly describe your feelings about the topic.
Study the chart on page (51). Based on other material you have read or written; add another writing move for each of the three main parts of the essay: opening, middle, and ending. Name the move. Explain it, and tell what types of writing it might appear in?
Conclusion
The conclusion brings closure to the reader, summing up your points or providing a final perspective on your topic.
All the conclusion needs is three or four strong sentences which do not need to follow any set formula. Simply review the main points (being careful not to restate them exactly) or briefly describe your feelings about the topic.
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Chapter one summary ENG 82A
Critical thinking through reading, viewing, and writing
The writer must always develop his text with awareness of readers perspective, and has to know firsthand what good reading is.
we need to think through viewing, to read image actively,and to interpret what is meant by an image, viewing image will be using to identify the general impression and relate the image parts to one another.
critical thinking through through writing must show the ability of thinking critically, be curious and ask why, what is creative,focus, and get involved.
Best regard
Zaid althaher
Chapter two summary ENG 82A
Beginning the writing process
here you will be able to produce essays and papers that reflect your best thinking through the following:
understand the rhetorical situation subject and form, audience-who they are, what they know,and what they need,purpose of the writing,and main action, in order to develop writing that meets the needs, make decision, finding suitable subject and explain what main action you must perform.
Best regards,
Zaid althaher
here you will be able to produce essays and papers that reflect your best thinking through the following:
understand the rhetorical situation subject and form, audience-who they are, what they know,and what they need,purpose of the writing,and main action, in order to develop writing that meets the needs, make decision, finding suitable subject and explain what main action you must perform.
Best regards,
Zaid althaher
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